Athletic Identity and Intention to Report Concussions in High School Athletes

Context: Lack of concussion reporting remains a problem as high school athletes report about fifty percent of all concussions. Purpose: The study sought to determine if there is a relationship between athletic identity and athlete’s intention to report concussions. Methods: The sample consisted of 78 high school athletes (m age = 16.19 + 0.88, 56 males, 22 females). Participants were administered the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS) and Intention to Report Subscale which served as dependent measures. The presence of AI was determined by comparing AIMS score to previous norms. A linear regression was used to determine the relationship between AI and intention to report. Regression analysis examined the influence of demographic variables on AI and intention to report. Finally, multiple one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were conducted to examine differences between groups for AI and intention to report. All statistical analyses were conducted utilizing SPSS 25.0. Significance levels were set at an a priori 0.05. Results: Athletes in the study had an athletic identity as demonstrated by similar AIMS scores to previous norms. AI was not related to intention to report (p = 0.740). Age significantly influenced reporting intention (p = 0.20), as athletes get older their intention to report decreased. Athletes with a previous history of a “ding/bellringer” had significantly lower intention (p = 0.048), but previous history of concussion did not affect reporting intention to report (p = 0.118). Additionally, previous concussion education did not influence intention (p =0.612). Discussion: Adolescents do have an established AI as compared to other athletes. This study sought to find out if there was a relationship between AI and intention. No relationship existed between AI and intention; however, clinicians should not discount the influence identity may play in concussion reporting intention. Although AI did not influence intention to report in our study, other identities may be more influential. Additionally, incorrect terminology when discussion concussions, such as ding and bellringer, lead to decreased reporting. Clinicians should continue to work to educate athletes on the importance of concussion reporting and utilizing proper terminology

When distraction helps: Evidence that concurrent articulation and irrelevant speech can facilitate insight problem solving

We report an experiment investigating the “special-process” theory of insight problem solving, which claims that insight arises from non-conscious, non-reportable processes that enable problem re-structuring. We predicted that reducing opportunities for speech-based processing during insight problem solving should permit special processes to function more effectively and gain conscious awareness, thereby facilitating insight. We distracted speech-based processing by using either articulatory suppression or irrelevant speech, with findings for these conditions supporting the predicted insight facilitation effect relative to silent working or thinking aloud. The latter condition was included to investigate the currently contested effect of “verbal overshadowing” on insight, whereby thinking aloud is claimed to hinder the operation of special, non-reportable processes. Whilst verbal overshadowing was not evident in final solution rates, there was nevertheless support for verbal overshadowing up to and beyond the mid-point of the available problem solving time. Overall our data support a special-process theory of insight, whilst also pointing to the role of moderator variables (e.g., available time for solution) in determining the presence or absence of effects predicted by the special-process account

A Multi-indicator Assessment of Conservation Success across a Populated Forest Anthrome

The heterogeneous landscape of the eastern United States has resulted in a diversity of conservation interventions including public protected areas, private lands held in easements, and open space managed at various levels of intensity. Given the pressures of expected land use and land cover change, particularly in the Southern Piedmont ecoregion, multi-scale and comprehensive data are needed to prioritize conservation actions. We assessed local and regional indicators of conservation success across an urban-rural gradient by analyzing local bird abundance and diversity as a factor of forest patch area, land use matrix, and land management strategy. The study was conducted across 57 forest patches in Upstate South Carolina. We saw no area threshold for abundance among focus species. Patch matrix was the most important predictor of abundance and there was uncertainty surrounding the effects of management on abundance

Instillation of Normal Saline in Endotracheal Suctioning

“Suctioning is one of the most common procedures in the ICU and high dependency wards; its aim is to remove respiratory tract secretions, thus maintaining airway patency and preventing complications of secretion retention” (Paratz, 2009 p. 1). An important and debated part of this care is whether the use of normal saline (at a delivery of 2cc-10cc) before suctioning of an endotracheal tube causes more harm than good. An intubated or mechanically ventilated patient may need to be “suctioned between three and twenty-four times a day” (Zahran, 2011, pg. 31) Due to the many physiological effects already endured by these patients, it is important to determine if the use of NS potentiates harmful effects

Stable flies on the Swan Coastal Plain

Grower associations are developing best management practices to minimise stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) breeding in horticulture and turf production. Three types of insect controls are discussed

311 - Sibling Dyads’ Perceptions of Their Relationship in Adolescence and Early Adulthood

As part of a longitudinal study, we examined siblings’ perceptions of their relationship in adolescence and early adulthood. Twenty-five sibling dyads completed questionnaires about their relationship during adolescence and early adulthood. The adolescent questionnaire was an age-adjusted questionnaire developed for use in the study; it included five scales (Asymmetry, Intimacy, Prosocial/Harmony, Relational Aggression, and Conflict). For the early adulthood phase, we used the Adult Sibling Relationship Questionnaire (Stocker et al., 1997); it included 12 scales (Similarity, Intimacy, Quarreling, Affection, Antagonism, Admiration, Emotional Support, Competition, Instrumental Support, Domination, Acceptance, and Knowledge). Correlations among scales on the questionnaires reveal considerable coherence in the sibling relationships at both ages and some continuity between adolescence and early adulthood. On the adolescent questionnaire, siblings showed strong agreement on their ratings of the amount of prosocial behavior/harmony and conflict in their relationship. They disagreed in their ratings of the asymmetry, intimacy, and relational aggression in their relationship. In early adulthood, siblings agreed on their ratings of similarity, intimacy, quarreling, antagonism, domination, and acceptance; they differed in their ratings of affection, admiration, emotional support, competition, instrumental support, and knowledge. For both siblings at both ages, many of the positive dimensions were positively intercorrelated and the negative dimensions were positively intercorrelated. At both ages, the positive scales and the negative scales were negatively intercorrelated. The adult scales of Instrumental Support and Competition were not consistently correlated with either positive or negative dimensions; we suspect that this may suggest a difference for brothers and sisters

Patient and Public Involvement in Health Research in Low and Middle-Income Countries: a systematic review

Objectives: Patient and public involvement (PPI) is argued to lead to higher quality health research, which is more relatable to and helps empower the public. We synthesised the evidence to look for examples of PPI in health research in low/middle-income countries (LMICs), looking at levels of involvement and impact. Additionally, we considered the impact of who was undertaking the research on the level of involvement and reported impact. Design: Systematic review. Data sources EMBASE, Medline and PsychINFO, along with hand-searching references, grey literature, Google search and expert advice. Eligibility criteria: Any health research with evidence of patient or public involvement, with no language restrictions dated from 1978 to 1 Dec 2017. Data extraction and synthesis: Data relating to stage and level of involvement, as well as impact, were extracted by one researcher (NC), and a coding framework was developed using an inductive approach to examine the impact of PPI on research. Extracted data were then independently coded by a second lay researcher (RK) to validate the data being collected. Discrepancies were referred to a third independent reviewer (MT) for review and consensus reached. Results: Sixty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. The review revealed the most common stage for PPI was in research planning, and the most common level of involvement was collaboration. Most studies did not provide evidence of effectiveness or elaborate on the impact of PPI, and they tended to report impact from the researcher's perspective. Where impact was mentioned, this generally related to increased relevance to the community, empowerment of participants and alterations in study design. Conclusions: The literature describing approaches to and impact of PPI on LMIC health research is sparse. As PPI is essential to conducting high-quality research, it should be fully reported and evaluated at the end of the research project

The Modern History of Global Food

Can we trace the long history of globalization through the movement of foods around the world? History students Leland Cook, Margaret Dickinson, Natalie Fulk, and Noah Switalski will share their insights from collaborative research with Dr. Lauren Janes during the summer of 2016. Each global food--potatoes, sugar, curry, and rice--tells a story of connectivity across continents and cultures, showing how our lives, diets, and economies were shaped by centuries of meaningful interactions around food